Sub Disciplines Of Philosophy Philosophy Essay

Sub Disciplines Of Philosophy Philosophy Essay The word Philosophy is derived from the Greek term connoting love of wisdom through logical or intellectual modes. The study of Philosophy is apprehensive with issues of definitive worth: questions regarding truth, legitimacy, attraction, integrity, righteousness, and sense. This is not to mention that each conducts of such subjects is as fine as every other. Several are affluent, helpful, and evocative; some are infertile, extraordinary, and dull. These are matters we cannot solve. However in our dilemma as soul-holders, I believe these are questions we cannot stay away from. The major sub-disciplines of philosophy include Ethics, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Aesthetics, and philosophy of science, philosophy of law, philosophy of language, Political Philosophy, and Religion. In this paper, we will discuss the Philosophy of Religion; its disputes, philosophical theories depending on it, morality, and omniscience of God, atheism, mans free will, and evil reconciliation. Philosophy of Religion: According to Alston, it is a division in philosophy defines the issues regarding religion, as well as the natural world and reality of God and spirits, the inspection of religious and holy familiarities, and the connection between science and religion. Many philosophers, psychoanalysts, theologians, etc have proposed different definitions of Religion. However, the best in my opinion is of the psychoanalyst William James; he described religion as the mind-set, attitude, behavior, and practices of person men in their isolation; such as they concern themselves to situate in link to whatever they might deem as the celestial or divine. Existence of God: Does God exist or not..? This is the question, which all individuals ask at least once in their lives. But there is no middle floor for this. Any effort to stay unbiased regarding Gods being is generally identical to agnosticism. Proof for the existence of God might not be necessary for the devoted ones. But on contrary, it is a necessity for the individuals who tend to go on with logic, or may not believe in any such thing as divine or spirited. According to Oliver J. Thatcher, the existence of God cannot be exhibited; Gods reality is a chapter of faith, and so as to objects of faith are not illustrious, for the reason that the office of revelation is to verify, however faith relates to fads that are not to be demonstrated. Arguments for the Existence of God: We can explore several arguments of numerous unusual types for the existence of God. People have considered that an efficient balanced argument for Gods presence is a significant initial pace in opening the intellect to the prospect of religious conviction in understanding some of the obstructions and wreckage that abstains individuals from pleasing the thought of divine exposure gravely. Amongst the major twenty types of Arguments for the Existence of God, the strongest I perceive is Argument from Religious Knowledge. Argument for the Existence of God from Religious Knowledge: An unlike kind of experience reclines in the incredible heart core of many individuals religious faith. Some types of experiences are sensed deliberately; one realizing its fundamental significance in life or existence. However, another kind stays induced in innermost essence of persons disposition. However, at this time there is definitely a quarrel pertaining to Gods being; made with the information connected with this sort knowledge. Its not at all a quarrel which actions by ones own practical knowledge in your own affirmation of which God is out there. Noticeably, most people likely dont have a desire for this kind of controversy. Alternatively, this kind of controversy actions with an additional course: through the widespread fact connected with religious practical knowledge towards the pronouncement of which merely a divine fact can effectively describe the idea. It can be complicated to affirm this argument conclusively. However it could rather be infer in following steps. Many individuals belonging various ages as well as regarding various countries state to get acquired an experience on the spiritual. It is beyond the belief that lots of persons happen to be so completely unsuitable about the distinctiveness in addition to information of their personal contingency. Hence, theres a divine actuality which a lot of individuals from dissimilar periods and traditions have noticed. Now again, the question arises that does God the Ultimate Creator and Beneficial of the whole galaxy really exists or its just a perception? A lot of people recognize their familiarity of divination in this approach; they are jointed with or linked over ceaseless and irresistible awareness and love, which fills them with itself but considerably surpass their aptitude to accept, or in such way, as they state. Another question crops up here; Are we able enough to judge them and then believe? According to Peter Kreeft, theres a huge amount of these kinds of statements. Sometimes these are true or perhaps definitely not. While analyzing these, we ought to think about; The actual regularity of these assertions are they reliable or not and does they relate and justify the reasonable facts we already know? The type of the people who help make most of these declarations are these people honest, literate and honorable? The issues most of these encounters have experienced of their own existence plus the existence regarding some others have they become more genuine, reasonable and gentle after their religious incident? It really is extremely hard for a person to lie out early in advance; just how research in to this specific decree regarding claims and assertions along with characters, may have an impact on many individuals. A person is then unable to claim early in advance just how its going to have an impact on a person. But it is usually a proof; it has numerous confident individuals; and yes it cannot be ignored. Sometimes in actuality, we all consider, very often, that this verification is usually less encountered as laid off using brilliant modern trademarks. Foundations and Emergence of the Universe: Many cultures and religions have tales concerning the emergence and foundation of Universe. According to Brewer (2011), some religions and civilizations believe that universe came into being by hatching from the egg, later laid on the waters and etc. In one more story, the universe is produced from the merger of male and female divine beings. Additionally, the Universe emerged when wrecked matters, such as the carcass of a dead god, blended with other materials or when some universal spirit combined with the nature. Islam however, holds a bit different view about emergence of Universe. It considers God to be the Creator and that it took six ayams (levels or days) to create seven heavens and earth. Emergence and foundation of Universe is humankinds earliest and everlasting interest. Long-ago, when this question was heaved, there was no vagueness, since no matter whom the person was or what his course was, barely two possible kinds of answers from which to select something from nothing, or always existing existed. The most interesting theory about the emergence of Universe is the famous Big-Bang Theory. It suggests that 11 to 15 million years ago, all the matter and vitality ended up being concentrated straight into a mass of the atom. At this time, matter, vitality, area and time period would not survive. Subsequently all of a sudden, the universe did start to grow from an incredible bulk and matter, vitality, area and time period came into being. Because earth expanded, matter did start to coalesce straight into propane clouds, after which celestial stars and planets. This theory has been accepted by most scientists. When all these theories and beliefs are considered, it is impossible to recognize the foundations of the Universe. But when observed in the insight of Philosophy of Religion and different chapters of Bible and Testament are considered, God lays the foundation of Universe. As Hebrews 1:10 mentions; in the beginning, O Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. Can one be moral and not believe in God? Humans need not embrace in virtually any faith or religion to be able to use a sense involving morally right or perhaps not. Meaningful rectitude will be pure, rather than predicated in great trust. Morality is a product or service involving social, definitely not faith based discussion. Sadly, this wrongly diagnosed indisputable fact that humans are not beneficial with out professing any belief from the supreme being or perhaps with out belonging to any faith will be one who will be dominating generally in most organizations around the globe. This wrongly diagnosed strategy is basically in charge of deficit of development with people aspects of man lifetime in which made use of exercising moral authority. One who is ethical but does not have faith in God may suppose, for instance, there is only an imaginative standard at effort in the Universe. They could moreover admit a desire satisfying preference in the persons intellect a need to be ingredient of some better whole or reason, which is the annex, or side-effect, of our sole self-awareness and comprehension of our ultimate demise. As inhabitants of this universe, we do not require to fit in to any religious conviction so as to possess a sagacity of moral true or mistake. Moral decency is innate and not centered on mystic belief. Thomas Ash, in his article states that one particular reason why a few theists feel that morality presumes Gods presence will be that will their morals appears to allow their beings apparent function, creating these individuals speculate precisely what function atheists may offer intended for independently. Reconciliation between God, Evil and Science: Evil is an incredibly actual existence on the globe. It is so since human beings have permitted it to be. God is not powerless against wickedness but has a preparation by which persons could possibly be keeping from the outcome of our private crime. God has done His duty to protect his creatures from their one anothers immorality. According to Brooke and Geoffrey, science and religion are not contradicted at all. Religion and science work jointly to bring-up a comprehensive indulgence of the world by reciprocally exemplifying one another. However, science and religion pretense no hazards to each other, except that they do not sustain each others responsibility either; they are basically apprehensive with inaccessible situations of matters. Gods Omniscience and Human Freewill Rational Argument for Atheism: God is All-Powerful. This means that He has the authority to arbitrate and organize the courses of life and human affairs as he perceives vigorous. If God would like definite things to occur at a specified time he can carry on it regarding those proceedings move in that route. If he wants any person to come into subsistence or carry out any definite task, he can make him perform it, most likely without that person being conscious of any intervention. Hence God can know about future of humans, thus free will turns out to be nothing (Wolterstorff, 1982). Regarding arguments given by Atheists on the Existence of God, I strongly disagree with them. In order to move from atheism to theism, the person ought to gather more and more evidences. The atheist might be close-minded, lack the ability to see amazement of nature, morally illiterate, or even have never come across any miracle. Conclusion Presume another person claims to you that all these kinds of ordeals are either the result of injuries to the temporal lobe or even associated with neurotic despotism. Under no circumstances, these tend to accomplish many people verify the truth associated with several divine truth. Just what may possibly be your first impulse be? You might think again more than that will huge certification associated with reports and enquire of by yourself if that could be correct. And you may possibly deduce: No. Given this multitude change, associated with assertions, along with the quality of living of these people, indicates unbelievably that those who made these claims are therefore completely wrong with regards to these people or even insanity or some brain disorder might cause this kind of outstanding amazing benefit along with magnificence. So, by considering all these facts and theories, I find this theme more superior that God DOES exist. He is all around us, and its His freewill that fashions us and our actions, attitude and behavior.

Treasure Hunt, Pico Question

Title: Treasure Hunt Assignment ? Pico Question The PICO question used in this assignment is In adult patients with short term voiding problems, what is the effect of urethral catheter design compared with standard latex catheters on the rate of urinary tract infection? Define Systematic Review A systematic review is a scientific approach that combines results from a group of original research studies and looks at the studies as a whole (Nieswiadomy, 2012).Systematic reviews are pertinent for evidence-based practice (EBP) because it brings together research on the effectiveness of treatments or interventions and helps clinicians decide which treatments or approaches are supported by evidence (Nieswiadomy, 2012). Titles Found-First Search The following are five titles found: †¢Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. †¢Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. †¢Cranberries for treating urinary tract infections. Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after urodynamic studies. †¢Routine neonatal circumcisions for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy. Systematic Review Found-Second Search The systematic review that was found on the second search that specifically answers the PICO question is Types of urethral catheters for management of short-term voiding problems in hospitalized adults by Katie Schumm and Thomas Lam. Summary of the Systematic ReviewDescribe how the systematic review applies to the PICO Question (1) The systematic review answers the PICO question in that it addresses risk and rate of urinary tract infections associated with types of indwelling catheters in adult hospitalized patients with short term voiding problems. Types of Studies Reviewed (2) Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialized Register of trials (May 24, 2010) was searched in addition to bibliographies of relevant articles.Catheter manufacture representatives were also contacted for tria ls (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). How the Review was conducted (3) Selection Criteria Selection criteria were compromised of all randomized and quasi-randomized trials that compared types of indwelling urinary catheters for short-term use in hospitalized adults (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). Data collection Data collected was reviewed and then independently verified by a second reviewer (Schumm & Lamm, 2008).Clarifications were sought and disagreements were resolved as described in the Cochrane Handbook (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). Subjects Twenty three trials were conducted. Those meeting criteria were 5,246 hospitalized adults in parallel groups trials and 27,878 adults in one large cluster-randomized cross-over trial (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). Important Terms Defined and Significance (4,5) Urinary catheters were defined as â€Å"small tubes inserted through the urethra (outlet for urine)† (Schumm & Lamm, 2008).The review further states that urinary catheters are used short term post-surgery or to m onitor urine output in hospitalized patients (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). It is important to define this term because it is a main component of the subject of study. Also, defining a term in a systematic review provides clarity and a clear-cut definition of the subject for those not familiar with medical terminology. Studies Reviewed (6) Full access to this review is restricted without a membership.The abstract and information cited by is accessible for free. From what can be gathered, thirteen different studies were reviewed for this systematic review. Primary Recommendation and Significance (7,8) What this review concluded is that antiseptic or antibiotic coated urinary catheters might reduce the presence bacteriuria of hospitalized adults, and that siliconized catheters might cause the least side effects in men (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). However the review stated the evidence was weak.It suggested that more rigorous trials are needed to make a valid conclusion as to if antibiotic or antise ptic coated urinary catheters reduce the rate of urinary tract infections (Schumm & Lamm, 2008). This conclusion is important to nursing care because it addresses some possible interventions/treatments to reduce the most common hospital acquired infection which ultimately leads to providing excellent patient care to promote and abstain optimal health.If further research does conclude that antibiotic or antiseptic coated urinary catheters are effective at reducing the rate of urinary tract infections, health care has yet advanced another step in resolving the huge of issue nosocomial-acquired infections. References Nieswiadomy, R. M. (2012). Foundation of Nursing Resarch (6th ed. ). Boston: Pearson. Schumm K. , Lam, B. L. (2008). Types of urethral catheters for management of short-term voiding problems in hospitalized adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008 (2). DOI: 10. 1002/14651858. CD004013. pub3 ?

The Nanking Massacre

The Nanking Massacre The Rape of Nanking was a tragic time in Chinese history. This event will never be forgotten by the people in the once capital of China. An estimated 300,000 innocent people were killed in a matter of months. The Japanese have never apologized for the disturbing event and to this day the Japanese deny that the massacre ever took place. The Rape of Nanking will never be forgotten for this city has been scared with tragedy since this gruesome massacre. Is this Massacre actually Genocide, or is this just a result of poor command over Japanese soldiers?I believe that this event is in fact genocide, and it was a terrible event in time. It was a tragic December day in the beautiful city of Nanking. Japanese soldiers were making their way into the unprepared city. All the residents fled to the safety, a small area where tourists and German soldiers could not be harmed by the Japanese (Genocide in China. ) Only a few citizens were able to flee to the safety zone, for the re was only enough room for a few hundred people. The roads were empted, and everyone locked the selves in their homes.The Japanese soldiers had surrounded the city, there was no way the refugees could escape the now taken city. Once the Japanese had surrounded the city, they began their violent rampage. The soldiers began to raid the banks, government offices, and the warehouses. Once all important buildings were taken, the soldiers started killing civilians. (Genocide in China. ) Once the citizens heard the gun fire, most ran out of their homes in an attempt to leave the city. There were two main roads which lead out of the city; the Japanese had set up areas throughout the streets to shoot the fleeing citizens. 0,000 people were killed the first day the Japanese intruded this capital city. Numerous war crimes were committed during the massacre. Some of the worst war crimes in history were committed during the raid on Nanking. A few days after the Japanese invaded Nanking they beg an to run amuck. The soldiers were out of line, and weren’t following the rules of battle. Japanese soldiers captured the surviving Nanking soldiers, and sent them to a large camp outside of the city limits. Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The Japanese soldiers soon were running out of food for the soldiers, so the thought there only option was to kill off the remaining Nanking soldiers. The Japanese soldiers would starve the war prisoners and when the Chinese were near death they would march them into fields. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) On the way toward the fields the Japanese soldiers told the captives they would receive food and work. The Japanese lied to the soldiers, for when they reached the fields, the prisoners were killed in a line of machine gun fire.Group by group the captives were lined up and shoot down into massive graves. If the enemy soldiers ran out of ammunition, they would burn the prisoners of war alive. So many practices of execution were perfor med it is hard to keep track of here are some less used forms of executing the prisoners. Chinese soldiers were used for bayonet practices, shooting practice, and were beheaded in the streets. Japanese soldiers would often have contests to see who could kill the most people. There are accounts of Japanese men killing as many as 150 men, women and children on their own.The women citizens had it far worse than the men did. (Genocide) Women were often raped and killed. If a woman was to survive, she would often be made a sex slave for the Japanese soldiers. Females from the age of 9 to 80 were raped and killed. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The dead bodies of the women were thrown into the street, and were left there for days. Some many atrocities took place throughout the Nanking Massacre that’s it is hard to mention all of them. A total of 300,000 Chinese soldiers, and civilians were killed in the Nanking Massacre.This might seem like a small number compared to other mass acres, but when you look closer at it, it becomes even more tragic. The city of Nanking wasn’t even captured for a year. The survivors tell such terrible stories, of the horror that was swept across the thriving town of Nanking, China. For the remaining survivors this event will never leave their memory. This brings up the question, why did the Japanese do this? This terrible massacre is one that was not as widely broadcasted. This is due to the fact that the Japanese Government had denied this event ever took place.The Japanese people believe that the Chinese people are unclean. The Japanese think this because they think the Chinese people don’t keep themselves clean. The Japanese felt that the Chinese are dirty people who pollute the environment and destroy the fertile land. The Japanese also believed that it was their destiny to obtain the land of China. So why is this massacre considered Genocide? This massacre is considered genocide for many reasons. Japanese peop le had killing contests, in order to kill as many Chinese civilians as possible. Two Roads of Blood) In order to kill more Chinese civilians, the Japanese soldiers would have competitions to see who could kill the most civilians. They had no respect for any of the Chinese people, as if they treated the Chinese as pests they needed to kill. This method wasn’t working for the extermination, so the Japanese soldiers began sending men to work camps, where they would work the men almost to death, then march them to killing fields. This is a clear example of genocide. The final example of genocide is the fact that they took no prisoners. Genocide) If a Chinese soldier decided to surrender the Japanese soldier would kill the man on the spot. Through all this gruesome events, this massacre is considered to be genocide by people around the world. The Nanking massacre was a terrible event in history. Through years of hatred toward China the Japanese committed this terrible genocide. Th rough killing contests’, killing fields, and not giving prisoners this event is technically considered genocide. The Japanese wanted to exterminate the Chinese people in order to take land, which the Japanese thought was rightfully theirs. This event will never be forgotten.

Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee - 1197 Words

The 1930s in the South were a time of the Great Depression, many people lost valuable possessions, such as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch, is a tomboy that is at the age of six at the beginning of the novel, and is aged at nine towards the end. Scout Finch is the daughter to Atticus Finch which happens to be a notable lawyer and a widower, leaving him to care for his two kids, Scout and Jem. Jem Finch is only four years elder than Scout and is considered to be one of the many antagonists in this particular novel. The main con flict during this novel is when Atticus Finch represents a black male by the name of Tom Robinson whom was implicated with raping and beating a white woman. This was challenging for both Scout and Jem due to the perpetual insults and racial comments. Both Jem and Scout struggled tremendously with restraining the urge to fight others who made these particular comments due to their father’s role in the trial. Tom Robinson was charged with rape and abuse regardless of how efficiently Atticus’ provedShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt t hat the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings .Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do any harm but make music for us †¦ that’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird†, is a famous quote from the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus, the father of the main character Scout, says this to her and her brother Jem when they receive rifles for Christmas. This book is considered a classic due to the allegory between the book title and the trial that occurs about halfway through the book. In the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is six. She is an innocent